Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the
presence of hyperglycemia, commonly preceded by a prediabetic state. The excess of blood …

The specific regulation of inflammatory processes by steroid hormones has been actively
studied in recent years, especially by progesterone (P4) and progestins. The mechanisms of …

One of the most common lipids in the human body is palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid
with essential functions in brain cells. PA is used by cells as an energy source, besides …

Background Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized as low bone mass, bone microarchitecture
breakdown and bone fragility. The increase of oxidative stress could lead to breakdown in …

The nervous system is a target and a source of steroids. Neuroactive steroids are steroids
that target neurons and glial cells. They include hormonal steroids originated in the …

Microglia are innate immune system cells which reside in the central nervous system (CNS).
Resting microglia regulate the homeostasis of the CNS via phagocytic activity to clear …

Microglia are brain immune cells responsible for immune surveillance. Microglial activation
is, however, closely associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and obesity …

In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain
homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms …

Abstract Short-term (3-day) consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats is
associated with a neuroinflammatory response and subsequent cognitive impairment in …

There are sexual differences in the onset, prevalence, and outcome of numerous
neurological diseases. Thus, in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and major …