The performance of conventional rigid retaining wall under harmonic and transient ground
motions is evaluated using three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations. Rotation of …

Tunnels constructed in soft soils are vulnerable to earthquake-induced ground shaking in
seismically active regions. Since typically the tunnelling depth is shallow and lies within the …

For geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls, there are no reasonable analysis theories and
design methods. Its seismic reinforcement mechanism has not been clear. A nonlinear finite …

The geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is a flexible retaining wall. It will produce large
deformations during earthquakes, especially on liquefied backfill soils. An index of …

Seismic design of retaining wall supporting submerged retaining wall requires precise
estimation of lateral earth pressure considering realistic parameters that constitute hydro …

Simple analytical solutions to predict the rotational displacements of seawall supporting
cohesionless backfill under the combined action of earthquake forces, non-breaking wave …

Latest design techniques for waterfront retaining structures or sea walls subjected to
combined effects of earthquake and tsunami have been reviewed. Both sliding and …