Once the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccine became available, mass vaccination was the main pillar
of the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was very effective in reducing …

Modern antiretroviral therapy safely, potently, and durably suppresses human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that, if left untreated, predictably causes acquired …

By definition, all pathogens cause some level of harm to their hosts. If this harm occurs while
the pathogen is transmitting, it can negatively affect the pathogen's fitness by shortening the …

The direction the evolution of virulence takes in connection with any pathogen is a long-
standing question. Formerly, it was theorized that pathogens should always evolve to be …

Background Approximately 30,000 non-citizens are living with HIV in Botswana, all of whom
as of 2020 are eligible to receive free antiretroviral treatment (ART) within the country. We …

Introduction The high recombinogenic potential of HIV-1 has resulted in the generation of
countless unique recombinant forms (URFs) and around 120 reported circulating …

Introduction Global HIV infections due to HIV-1 recombinants are increasing and impede
prevention and treatment efforts. Key populations suffer most new HIV infections, but their …

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors are fundamental to the discovery and
development of anti-HIV drugs. Their main target is RT, and only a tiny number of them can …

Background The initiation of clinical trials for messenger RNA (mRNA) HIV vaccines in early
2022 revived public discussion on HIV vaccines after 3 decades of unsuccessful research …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 CRF07_BC originated among injection drug users (IDUs) in China. After
diffusing into men who have sex with men (MSM), CRF07_BC has shown a rapid expansion …