The importance of R&D investment in explaining economic growth is well documented in the
literature. Policies by modern governments increasingly recognise the benefits of supporting …

This survey examines the empirical literature on the relationship between public R&D
subsidies and private R&D investment over the past five decades. The survey reveals a …

Growing techno-geopolitical uncertainty affects international business in many ways, calling
for more scholarly attention to its causes and multinational enterprise (MNE) responses. The …

The original intention of the government was to provide financial subsidies to firms by
implementing innovation support policies. In turn, this will encourage these firms to carry out …

This study investigates the effects of government R&D programs on firm innovation outputs,
which are measured by the number of patents, sales from new products, and exports …

The US-China trade war forced a reluctant semiconductor industry into someone else's fight,
a very different position from its leading role in the 1980s trade conflict with Japan. This …

This study examines the determinants of technological innovation and its impact on firm
labor productivity across Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica …

Evidence on the “funding gap” for investment innovation is surveyed. The focus is on
financial market reasons for underinvestment that exist even when externality-induced …

Venture capital has emerged as an important intermediary in financial markets, providing
capital to young high-technology firms that might have otherwise gone unfunded. Venture …

Is public R&D spending complementary and thus “additional” to private R&D spending, or
does it substitute for and tend to “crowd out” private R&D? Conflicting answers are given to …