Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat
many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a …

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation on human skin can lead to mutations in DNA,
photoaging, suppression of the immune system, and other damage up to skin cancer …

Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 (At CRY2), a light-sensitive photosensory protein, was
previously adapted for use in controlling protein–protein interactions through light …

Among the biological phenomena that fall within the emerging field of “quantum biology” is
the suggestion that magnetically sensitive chemical reactions are responsible for the …

Migratory birds travel vast distances each year, finding their way by various means,
including a remarkable ability to perceive the Earth's magnetic field. Although it has been …

Although many animals use the Earth's magnetic field for orientation and navigation,, the
precise biophysical mechanisms underlying magnetic sensing have been elusive. One …

Cryptochromes are photolyase-like blue light receptors originally discovered in Arabidopsis
but later found in other plants, microbes, and animals. Arabidopsis has two cryptochromes …

Cryptochromes are blue light-sensing photoreceptors found in plants, animals, and humans.
They are known to play key roles in the regulation of the circadian clock and in development …

We report here our systematic studies of excited-state dynamics of two common flavin
molecules, FMN and FAD, in five redox states oxidized form, neutral and anionic …

The initial photochemistry of plant cryptochromes has been extensively investigated in
recent years. It is hypothesized that cryptochrome photoexcitation involves a Trp-triad …