Influenza virus infections pose a significant threat to public health due to annual seasonal
epidemics and occasional pandemics. Influenza is also associated with significant economic …

The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption
worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major …

Current technologies with next generation sequencing have revolutionized metagenomics
analysis of clinical samples. To achieve the non-selective amplification and recovery of low …

The control of poultry diseases has relied heavily on the use of many live and inactivated
vaccines. However, over the last 30 yr, recombinant DNA technology has been used to …

The emergence and seasonal persistence of pathogenic H7N9 influenza viruses in China
have raised concerns about the pandemic potential of this strain, which, if realized, would …

Influenza A viruses are important veterinary and human health pathogens that all share
many genetic characteristics. Wild birds are thought to be the primordial reservoirs of …

A newly emerged H5N8 influenza virus was isolated from green-winged teal in Egypt during
December 2016. In this study, we provide a detailed characterization of full genomes of …

In Egypt, avian influenza A subtype H5N1 and H9N2 viruses are enzootic in poultry. The
control plan devised by veterinary authorities in Egypt to prevent infections in poultry …

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (HPAIVs) arise from low pathogenic precursors
following spillover from wild waterfowl into poultry populations. The main virulence …

PCR-based assays have become the benchmark for detecting pathogens of poultry and
other livestock; however, these techniques are limited in their ability to detect multiple …