Protein aggregation is the main hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Many proteins
found in pathological inclusions are known to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, a …

Motions in biomolecules are critical for biochemical reactions. In cells, many biochemical
reactions are executed inside of biomolecular condensates formed by ultradynamic …

Proteins and nucleic acids can phase-separate in the cell to form concentrated biomolecular
condensates,,–. The functions of condensates span many length scales: they modulate …

Biomolecular condensate formation has been implicated in a host of biological processes
and has found relevance in biology and disease. Understanding the physical principles and …

Many proteins contain large structurally disordered regions or are entirely disordered under
physiological conditions. The functions of these intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) often …

Highlights•Liquid–liquid phase separation mediates extensive compartmentalization of
cells.•Phase separation is mediated by multivalent interactions.•These encompass domain …

Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) has become a mainstream technique for studying
biomolecular structural dynamics. The rapid and wide adoption of smFRET experiments by …

Studying the conformational landscape of intrinsically disordered and partially folded
proteins is challenging and only accessible to a few solution state techniques, such as …

Membrane-less organelles assemble through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of
partially disordered proteins into highly specialized microenvironments. Currently, it is …

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) frequently mediate phase separation that underlies
the formation of a biomolecular condensate. Together with theory and experiment, efficient …