Macular edema consists of intra-or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It
occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of …

Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by
the blood–retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic …

The majority of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), the most common cause of
vision loss in working-age Americans, do not respond adequately to current therapies …

Abstract The use of Rho Kinase (ROCK) inhibitors as therapeutic agents in ophthalmology
has been a topic of discussion for several years, particularly in the realm of glaucoma …

The primary cell wall is a fundamental plant constituent that is flexible but sufficiently rigid to
support the plant cell shape. Although many studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen …

The eye is formed by tissues and cavities that contain liquids whose compositions are highly
regulated to ensure their optical properties and their immune and metabolic functions. The …

Center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision impairment in
working-age adults. While its management is particularly challenging in a poorly compliant …

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) secreted into the blood create a pre-metastatic
niche in distant organs; however, it is unclear how TEVs are delivered and how they affect …

In vivo observation of the human retina at the cellular level is crucial to detect the first signs
of retinal diseases and properly treat them. Despite the phenomenal advances in adaptive …

Approximately 40% of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) are resistant to anti–
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (rDME). Here, we demonstrate that …