Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However,
the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not …

Vascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and
treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the …

The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease
in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The …

Chronic complications of diabetes are due to myriad disorders of numerous metabolic
pathways that are responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality associated with the …

Exercise confers numerous salutary effects that extend beyond individual organ systems to
provide systemic health benefits. Here, we discuss the role of exercise in cardiovascular …

Insulin receptors are highly expressed in the heart and vasculature. Insulin signaling
regulates cardiac growth, survival, substrate uptake, utilization, and mitochondrial …

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids which have critical roles in
protein synthesis and energy metabolism in the body. In the heart, there is a strong …

Large clinical studies conducted with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in
patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction have …

Aims Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a leading cause of mortality
worldwide, requiring novel therapeutic and lifestyle interventions. Metabolic alterations and …

Developmentally programmed polyploidy (whole-genome duplication) of cardiomyocytes is
common across evolution. Functions of such polyploidy are essentially unknown. Here, in …