Negative hydrogen ion production mechanisms

M Bacal, M Wada - Applied physics reviews, 2015 - pubs.aip.org
Negative hydrogen/deuterium ions can be formed by processes occurring in the plasma
volume and on surfaces facing the plasma. The principal mechanisms leading to the …

A review of diagnostic techniques for high-intensity negative ion sources

K Tsumori, M Wada - Applied Physics Reviews, 2021 - pubs.aip.org
Plasma and beam diagnostic methods for high-current-density negative ion sources are
reviewed. The pulse laser–induced photodetachment method was widely used to measure …

Negative surface ionization of hydrogen atoms and molecules

M Seidl, HL Cui, JD Isenberg, HJ Kwon… - Journal of applied …, 1996 - pubs.aip.org
The total yield of H− ions, Y (E in), produced in backscattering of low‐energy H+ and H+ 2
ions from polycrystalline gold, tungsten, and molybdenum converter surfaces was measured …

Negative hydrogen ion sources for accelerators

DP Moehs, J Peters, J Sherman - IEEE Transactions on …, 2005 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
A variety of H/sup-/ion sources are in use at accelerator laboratories around the world. A list
of these ion sources includes surface plasma sources with magnetron, Penning and surface …

Forty years of surface plasma source development

V Dudnikov - Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012 - pubs.aip.org
The cesiation effect, a significant enhancement of negative ion emission from a gas
discharge with decrease of co-extracted electron current below negative ion current, was …

Negative ion source operation with deuterium

M Bacal, M Wada - Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2020 - iopscience.iop.org
When the working gas of a negative ion source is changed from hydrogen to its isotope,
deuterium, an'isotope effect'is observed; namely, several plasma characteristics such as the …

Cesiation in highly efficient surface plasma sources

V Dudnikov, RP Johnson - Physical Review Special Topics—Accelerators and …, 2011 - APS
Novel modifications of H-/D-source designs have been proposed. New sources under
development include advanced versions of a compact surface plasma source which will …

Thirty years of surface plasma sources for efficient negative ion production

V Dudnikov - Review of scientific instruments, 2002 - pubs.aip.org
One practical result of the development of the high brightness negative ion source is
accepting of the chargeexchange injection in circular accelerators for a routine operation …

Cesium control and diagnostics in surface plasma negative ion sources

V Dudnikov, P Chapovsky, A Dudnikov - Review of Scientific …, 2010 - pubs.aip.org
For efficient and reliable negative ion generation it is very important to improve a cesium
control and diagnostics. Laser beam attenuation and resonance fluorescence can be used …

Theoretical determination of the microstructure of Cs covering of Mo in negative ion sources for nuclear fusion applications

A Damone, A Panarese, CM Coppola… - Plasma Physics and …, 2015 - iopscience.iop.org
Cs is the most well known catalyst used in negative ion sources for fast neutral beam
generation employed in nuclear fusion, where the element is evaporated and deposited on …