Proteins are targeted to plastids by N‐terminal transit peptides, which are recognized by
protein import complexes in the organelle membranes. Historically, transit peptide properties …

Recent technical advances in electrophysiological measurements, organelle-targeted
fluorescence imaging, and organelle proteomics have pushed the research of ion transport …

Euglena spp. are phototrophic flagellates with considerable ecological presence and
impact. Euglena gracilis harbours secondary green plastids, but an incompletely …

Acting as titans in global control of the biosphere and colonizing virtually all corners of the
earth, algae, extremely diverse and numerous oxygenic, photosynthetic organisms, can be …

Euglenoid flagellates are mainly fresh water protists growing in highly diverse environments
making them well-suited for a multiplicity of biotechnology applications. Phototrophic …

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely assumed to play a role in the detoxification of
reactive oxygen species caused by environmental stresses. We found a characteristic …

Most of the coding capacity of primary plastids is reserved for expressing some central
components of the photosynthesis machinery and the translation apparatus. Thus, for the …

The cryptophyte Guillardia theta harbors a plastid surrounded by four membranes. This turns
protein targeting of nucleus-encoded endosymbiont localized proteins into quite a …

The plastid of Euglena gracilis was acquired secondarily through an endosymbiotic event
with a eukaryotic green alga, and as a result, it is surrounded by a third membrane. This …

Symbiogenesis is the extremely rare, but permanent merger of two organisms from
phylogenetically distant lineages into one radically more complex organism. Three …