MEF2C‐related disorders (aka MEF2C‐haploinsufficiency) are caused by variations in or
involving the MEF2C gene and are characterized by intellectual disability, developmental …

Auriculocondylar syndrome (ACS) is a rare craniofacial disorder characterized by
mandibular hypoplasia and an auricular defect at the junction between the lobe and helix …

Human faces are variable; we look different from one another. Craniofacial disorders further
increase facial variation. To understand craniofacial variation and how it can be buffered, we …

Deleterious genetic mutations allow developmental biologists to understand how genes
control development. However, not all loss of function genetic mutants develop phenotypic …

Background Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a rare congenital craniofacial
developmental malformation syndrome of the first and second pharyngeal arches with …

Background: Question mark ear is a rare congenital deformity, mainly characterized the
interruption of the natural continuity between the lower border of the helix and the earlobe. In …