As much as the cellular viability is important for the living organisms, the elimination of
unnecessary or damaged cells has the opposite necessity for the maintenance of …

Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), which comprises of two isozymes, SMS1 and SMS2, is the
only enzyme that generates sphingomyelin (SM) by transferring phosphocholine of …

Necrosis of infected macrophages constitutes a critical pathogenetic event in tuberculosis by
releasing mycobacteria into the growth-permissive extracellular environment. In zebrafish …

Apoptosis and autophagy are two evolutionarily conserved processes that maintain
homeostasis during stress. Although the two pathways utilize fundamentally distinct …

All cancers tested so far display abnormal choline and ethanolamine phospholipid
metabolism, which has been detected with numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy …

Cisplatin and other platinum (II) analogs are widely used in clinical practice as anti-cancer
drugs for a wide range of tumors. The primary mechanism by which they exert their action is …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as one of the main causes of chronic
liver disease worldwide. NAFLD comprises a group of conditions characterized by the …

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a complex process whereby eukaryotic cells react to
physiologic or pathophysiologic stimuli by undergoing genetically programmed suicide …

Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has been used in the clinic to treat a number of
disorders, in particular major depression and neuropathic pain. In the 1970s the ability of …

The function of biological cells is intimately associated with their internal organization, in
which multiple subcellular structures have specialized roles. Such subcellular structures …