Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have a wide range of key roles throughout the
nervous system. However, their dynamics in both health and disease have been challenging …

Vigorous transport of cytoplasmic components along axons over substantial distances is
crucial for the maintenance of neuron structure and function. The transport of mitochondria …

Daily rhythms of physiology and behaviour are precisely timed by an endogenous circadian
clock,. These include separate bouts of morning and evening activity, characteristic of …

Research in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has led to insights in neural development,
axon guidance, ion channel function, synaptic transmission, learning and memory, diurnal …

Background The neuronal circuitry underlying sleep is poorly understood. Although
dopamine (DA) is thought to play a key role in sleep/wake regulation, the identities of the …

Chemical synapses are sites of contact and information transfer between a neuron and its
partner cell. Each synapse is a specialized junction, where the presynaptic cell assembles …

The secretion of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides is mediated by distinct organelles—
synaptic vesicles (SVs) and dense-core vesicles (DCVs), respectively. Relatively little is …

Omnivores, including humans, have an inborn tendency to avoid noxious or unfamiliar
foods. Such defensive foraging behaviors are modifiable, however, in response to …

Understanding how activity patterns in specific neural circuits coordinate an animal's
behavior remains a key area of neuroscience research. Genetic tools and a brain of …

Hunger elicits diverse, yet coordinated, adaptive responses across species, but the
underlying signaling mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report on the function …