The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide
range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular …

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can infect a broad host range and cause mild to life threating
infections in humans. The surface glycoproteins of HSV are evolutionarily conserved and …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and
SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 highlights the need to develop universal vaccination strategies against …

Abstract mRNA vaccines have tremendous potential to fight against cancer and viral
diseases due to superiorities in safety, efficacy and industrial production. In recent decades …

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 HSV1 and 2, namely varicella-zoster VZV and
cytomegalovirus CMV, are among the most common pathogens worldwide. They remain in …

Abstract mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternative platforms to conventional
vaccines. Their ease of production, low cost, safety profile and high potency render them …

The concept of mRNA-based vaccines emerged more than three decades ago.
Groundbreaking discoveries and technological advancements over the past 20 years have …

The world raced to develop vaccines to protect against the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2
infection upon the recognition of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. A broad spectrum of …

In recent years, vaccine development using ribonucleic acid (RNA) has become the most
promising and studied approach to produce safe and effective new vaccines, not only for …

Synthetic modified messenger RNA (mRNA) has manifested great potentials for therapeutic
applications such as vaccines and gene therapies, with the recent mRNA vaccines for global …