Various cognitive functions have long been known to require the hippocampus. Recently,
progress has been made in identifying the hippocampal neural activity patterns that …

Sharp wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the
mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several …

Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

How sleep helps learning and memory remains unknown. We report in mouse motor cortex
that sleep after motor learning promotes the formation of postsynaptic dendritic spines on a …

Sleep has been identified as a state that optimizes the consolidation of newly acquired
information in memory, depending on the specific conditions of learning and the timing of …

Switches between different behavioral states of the animal are associated with prominent
changes in global brain activity, between sleep and wakefulness or from inattentive to …

Creating a healthy, social classroom environment. This book explains how the brain, as a
social organism, learns best throughout the lifespan, from our early schooling through late …

After experiences are encoded into memory, post-encoding reactivation mechanisms have
been proposed to mediate long-term memory stabilization and transformation. Spontaneous …

Spike timing–dependent plasticity (STDP) as a Hebbian synaptic learning rule has been
demonstrated in various neural circuits over a wide spectrum of species, from insects to …

This paper reviews a novel hypothesis about the functions of slow wave sleep—the synaptic
homeostasis hypothesis. According to the hypothesis, plastic processes occurring during …