Abstract The Archean era (4 to 2.5 billion years ago, Ga) yielded rocks that include the
oldest conclusive traces of life as well as many controversial occurrences. Carbonaceous …

Titanite (CaTiSiO5) is a common mineral in calc-silicates, metamorphosed igneous rocks,
and calc-alkaline plutons. The mineral was first named by Martin Klaproth in 1795 for its high …

Construction and assembly of the Geologic Time Scale involves:(a) constructing a relative
(chronostratigraphic) standard scale for key periods in the Earth's rock record;(b) identifying …

Soil is composed of a mosaic of different rocks and minerals, usually considered as an inert
substrata for microbial colonization. However, recent findings suggest that minerals, in soils …

It has been hypothesized that before the emergence of modern DNA–RNA–protein life,
biology evolved from an “RNA world.” However, synthesizing RNA and other …

Life requires a wide variety of bioessential trace elements to act as structural components
and reactive centers in metalloenzymes. These requirements differ between organisms and …

Archaean greenstone belts and associated granitic rocks comprise some of the most diverse
rock types on the Earth's surface and were formed during the early stages of the …

Here we review published studies on the abundance and diversity of terrestrial rock-hosted
life, the environments it inhabits, the evolution of its metabolisms, and its fossil biomarkers to …

Alteration textures in volcanic glass from the seafloor fall into two classes, one suggestive of
abiotic/diffusive hydration and chemical exchange, and another likely to be caused by …

This study reports in-situ determination of major and trace element compositions of calcite
and apatite, and U–Pb ages of apatite for carbonatites and associated okaites and ijolites …