Abstract Building Information Models (BIMs) and City Information Models (CIMs) have
flourished in building and urban studies independently over the past decade. Semantic …

CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) is the most investigated standard in the
integration of building information modeling (BIM) and the geographic information system …

The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to
differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in …

The level of detail in 3D city modelling, despite its usefulness and importance, is still an
ambiguous and undefined term. It is used for the communication of how thoroughly real …

The level of detail (LOD) of a 3D city model indicates the model's grade and usability.
However, there exist multiple valid variants of each LOD. As a consequence, the LOD …

This review paper explores at a high conceptual level cartography's potential role in the
emerging field of indoor mapping. It introduces an interdisciplinary literature on foundational …

The level of detail (LOD) concept for 3D building models, which indicates the degree of
closeness between a model and its real-world counterpart, is deeply rooted among the …

The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which
indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and …

Ongoing urbanisation processes invoke immense construction activities, for which citizens
often participate in planning. Yet, imagining planned buildings based on visual …

Smart cities use digital technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, or open
data in order to overcome limitations of traditional representation and exchange of …