Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is
characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when tumor cell
dissemination has taken place. Chemo-and targeted therapies provide only a limited …

Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also named macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, is a
divergent member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. While physiological …

The metastatic spread of malignant cells to distant anatomical locations is a prominent
cause of cancer-related death. Metastasis is governed by cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms …

The tremendous clinical success of checkpoint blockers illustrates the potential of
reestablishing latent immunosurveillance for cancer therapy. Although largely neglected in …

The IL-1 family of cytokines currently comprises of seven ligands with pro-inflammatory
activity (IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) as well as two ligands with anti …

Apoptotic cells have long been considered as intrinsically tolerogenic or unable to elicit
immune responses specific for dead cell-associated antigens. However, multiple stimuli can …

Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes with pivotal roles in the resistance against
various tumors; dysfunction of NK cells often results in advanced tumor progression. Tumors …

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is a key regulator of monocyte/macrophage
differentiation that sustains the protumorigenic functions of tumor-associated macrophages …

During the past decades, anticancer immunotherapy has evolved from a promising
therapeutic option to a robust clinical reality. Many immunotherapeutic regimens are now …