Metal ions are essential for many reactions, but excess metals can be toxic. In bacteria,
metal limitation activates pathways that are involved in the import and mobilization of metals …

Metalloregulatory proteins allow cells to sense metal ions and appropriately adjust the
expression of metal uptake, storage, and efflux pathways. Bacillus subtilis provides a model …

Manganese (M n) is a required cofactor for all forms of life. Given the importance of M n to
bacteria, the host has devised strategies to sequester M n from invaders. In the macrophage …

Highlights•The 'fight over copper and zinc'at the host–pathogen interface is
discussed.•Proteins involved in copper and zinc trafficking and sensing are …

Pathogenic bacteria acquire transition metals for cell viability and persistence of infection in
competition with host nutritional defenses. The human host employs a variety of …

Despite concerted functional genomic efforts to understand the complex phenotype of
ionizing radiation (IR) resistance, a genome sequence cannot predict whether a cell is IR …

The iron–molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase (FeMoco) catalyzes fixation of N2 via Fe
hydride intermediates. Our understanding of these species has relied heavily on the …

Mn2+ coordinated by orthophosphate (Pi), metabolites, or peptides acts as a superoxide
dismutase (SOD), and these Mn antioxidant complexes are universally accumulated in …

Exposing cells to excess metal concentrations well beyond the cellular quota is a powerful
tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of metal homeostasis. Such improved …

Desert varnish is a dark rock coating that forms in arid environments worldwide. It is highly
and selectively enriched in manganese, the mechanism for which has been a long-standing …