Housing is a major pathway through which health disparities emerge and are sustained over
time. However, no existing unified conceptual model has comprehensively elucidated the …

We previously proposed that socioeconomic status (SES) is a fundamental cause of health
inequalities and, as such, that SES inequalities in health persist over time despite radical …

Communities of color in the United States are systematically exposed to higher levels of air
pollution. We explore here how redlining, a discriminatory mortgage appraisal practice from …

Racial-ethnic minorities in the United States are exposed to disproportionately high levels of
ambient fine particulate air pollution (PM2. 5), the largest environmental cause of human …

Introduction: Redlining, a racist mortgage appraisal practice of the 1930s, established and
exacerbated racial residential segregation boundaries in the United States. Investment risk …

Background: Few studies have investigated air pollution exposure disparities by
race/ethnicity and income across criteria air pollutants, locations, or time. Objective: The …

Background Asthma disproportionately affects communities of colour in the USA, but the
underlying factors for this remain poorly understood. In this study, we assess the role of …

Drinking water contaminated by per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a widespread
public health concern, and exposure–response relationships are known to vary across …

There is no safe level of exposure to inorganic arsenic or uranium, yet recent studies
identified sociodemographic and regional inequalities in concentrations of these frequently …

Why a thoroughly updated and revised second edition of this book about theories of disease
distribution, in past and present societal and ecological context? Because the lived realities …