Sensory areas are spontaneously active in the absence of sensory stimuli. This
spontaneous activity has long been studied; however, its functional role remains largely …

When animals interact with complex environments, their neural circuits must separate
overlapping patterns of activity that represent sensory and motor information. Pattern …

Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analysing electron
microscopic brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of …

Associating stimuli with positive or negative reinforcement is essential for survival, but a
complete wiring diagram of a higher-order circuit supporting associative memory has not …

We identified the neurons comprising the Drosophila mushroom body (MB), an associative
center in invertebrate brains, and provide a comprehensive map describing their potential …

Understanding memory formation, storage and retrieval requires knowledge of the
underlying neuronal circuits. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) is the major site of …

Animals discriminate stimuli, learn their predictive value and use this knowledge to modify
their behavior. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) plays a key role in these processes …

Synaptic connectivity varies widely across neuronal types. Cerebellar granule cells receive
five orders of magnitude fewer inputs than the Purkinje cells they innervate, and cerebellum …

Although associative learning has been localized to specific brain areas in many animals,
identifying the underlying synaptic processes in vivo has been difficult. Here, we provide the …

Glia play crucial roles in the development and homeostasis of the nervous system. While the
GLIA in the Drosophila embryo have been well characterized, their study in the adult …