Immunotherapy has made remarkable strides in cancer therapy over the past decade.
However, such emerging therapy still suffers from the low response rates and immune …

Gliomas are intrinsic brain tumors that originate from neuroglial progenitor cells.
Conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have achieved …

In cancer-immunity cycle, the immune checkpoint PD1 and its ligand PDL1 act as
accomplices to help tumors resist to immunity-induced apoptosis and promote tumor …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an attractive target for cancer
immunotherapy. However, IDO1 inhibitors have shown disappointing therapeutic efficacy in …

Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies
develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and …

The human gut microbiome is a diverse and complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in
health and disease. The composition of the gut microbiome has been well studied across all …

The emerging anti-tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress in clinical
application. However, single immunotherapy is not effective for all anti-tumor treatments …

During malignant transformation, accumulated somatic mutations endow cancer cells with
increased invasiveness and immunogenicity. Under selective pressure, these highly …

The systemic spread of tumor cells is the ultimate cause of the majority of deaths from
cancer, yet few successful therapeutic strategies have emerged to specifically target …

Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a significant health, social and
economic problem around the globe. The development of therapeutic strategies for CNS …