Classically, superoxide anion O2•− and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At
the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction, necessary for cell …

Photosensitization reactions have been demonstrated to be largely responsible for the
deleterious biological effects of UV and visible radiation, as well as for the curative actions of …

Tryptophan is one of the essential mammalian amino acids, and is thus a required
component in human nutrition, animal feeds, and cell culture media. However, this aromatic …

Covalent crosslinks within or between proteins play a key role in determining the structure
and function of proteins. Some of these are formed intentionally by either enzymatic or …

The interaction of light with natural matter leads to a plethora of photosensitized reactions.
These reactions cause the degradation of biomolecules, such as DNA, lipids, proteins, being …

The mechanism of photo-oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) sensitized by riboflavin (RF) was
examined employing high concentrations of Trp and RF, with a high intensity 365 nm light …

This work examined the hypothesis that interactions of Rose Bengal (RB 2−) with lysozyme
(Lyso) might mediate type 1 photoreactions resulting in protein cross-linking even under …

Photosensitized oxidations, in part responsible for the harmful effect of UV and visible
radiation on biological systems, can take place through type I (generation of radicals) and …

Oxidative damage is a common process in many biological systems and proteins are major
targets for damage due to their high abundance and very high rate constants for reaction …

An eye lens is constantly exposed to the solar UV radiation, which is considered the most
important external source of age-related changes to eye lens constituents. The accumulation …