The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Runx2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. During
osteoblast differentiation, Runx2 is weakly expressed in uncommitted mesenchymal cells …

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is a fundamental transcription factor for bone
development. In endochondral ossification, Runx2 induces chondrocyte maturation …

Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly responding to environmental changes such as
nutritional and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis in adult life is maintained through bone …

Runx2 is a transcription factor that is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte
maturation. Ihh, expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes, is required for …

Runx2 is an essential transcription factor for skeletal development. It is expressed in
multipotent mesenchymal cells, osteoblast-lineage cells, and chondrocytes. Runx2 plays a …

The portrait of osteoblasts and osteocytes has been subjected to a revision, since a large
body of evidence is attributing these cells amazing roles both inside and outside the bone …

The synthesis of type I collagen, the main component of bone matrix, precedes the
expression of Runx2, the earliest determinant of osteoblast differentiation. We hypothesized …

The past 15 years have witnessed tremendous progress in the molecular understanding of
osteoblasts, the main bone-forming cells in the vertebrate skeleton. In particular, all of the …

Much of the mammalian skeleton is composed of bones that originate from cartilage
templates through endochondral ossification. Elucidating the mechanisms that control …