When vertebrate physiological ecologists use the terms 'stress' or 'physiological stress', they
typically mean the level of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA-) axis activation …

Locomotion and other physical activities by free-living animals may influence immune
function and disease susceptibility. This influence may be a consequence of energetic trade …

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) play an undisputed role for maintaining cellular functioning
under environmental challenges and protein denaturing conditions. Compelling evidence …

Commercial poultry production is associated with various types of stress leading to decrease
of productive and reproductive performance and compromised health of growing chickens …

We investigated the physiological and behavioral consequences for prey breeding at
different distances from a nesting predator. In a natural setting, Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula …

Ecological relevance and repeatability of results obtained in different laboratories are key
issues when assessing thermal tolerance of ectotherms. Traditionally, assays have used …

Developmental environmental stressors can have instructive effects on an organism's
phenotype. This developmental plasticity can prepare organisms for potentially stressful …

Nest building effort has received scant attention in the literature although it may involve costs
which can be detected as physiological stress. We prolonged nest construction effort in a …

Commercial poultry production is associated with various stresses decreasing productive
and reproductive performance of layers. A growing body of evidence indicates that most of …

When wildlife forage and/or live in urban habitats, they often experience a shift in resource
availability and dietary quality. Some species even use human handouts, such as bread, as …