The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem
that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) …

Microorganisms within the gut and other niches may contribute to carcinogenesis, as well as
shaping cancer immunosurveillance and response to immunotherapy. Our understanding of …

Many drugs, or their antecedents, were discovered through observation of their effects on
normal or disease physiology. For the past generation, this phenotypic drug discovery …

Background Conventional preclinical models often miss drug toxicities, meaning the harm
these drugs pose to humans is only realized in clinical trials or when they make it to market …

Historically, appreciation for the roles of resource gradients in biology has fluctuated
inversely to the popularity of genetic mechanisms. Nevertheless, in microbiology specifically …

Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs), also known as microphysiological systems or 'tissue
chips'(the terms are synonymous), have attracted substantial interest in recent years owing …

Colonic drug delivery can facilitate access to unique therapeutic targets and has the
potential to enhance drug bioavailability whilst reducing off-target effects. Delivering drugs to …

The organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is in the list of top 10 emerging technologies and refers to a
physiological organ biomimetic system built on a microfluidic chip. Through a combination of …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease of the intestinal epithelium that is
characterized by the accumulation of mutations and a dysregulated immune response. Up to …

Adult-stem-cell-derived organoids model human epithelial tissues ex vivo, which enables
the study of host–microbe interactions with great experimental control. This protocol …