The brain has almost no energy reserve, but its activity coordinates organismal function, a
burden that requires precise coupling between neurotransmission and energy metabolism …

Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions,
including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters …

Astrocytes, a major cell type found throughout the central nervous system, have general
roles in the modulation of synapse formation and synaptic transmission, blood–brain barrier …

Astrocytes are a large and diverse population of morphologically complex cells that exist
throughout nervous systems of multiple species. Progress over the last two decades has …

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder that has profound impact on an
individual's life and on society. Thus, developing more effective therapeutic interventions is …

The mammalian brain is a complex organ comprising neurons, glia, and more than 1× 1014
synapses. Neurons are a heterogeneous group of electrically active cells, which form the …

Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal
activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain. They have many important functions in
the central nervous system (CNS), including the maintenance of glutamate and ion …

Astroglial cells were long considered as structural and metabolic supporting cells are which
do not directly participate in information processing in the brain. Discoveries of …

Bidirectional communication between neurons and astrocytes shapes synaptic plasticity and
behavior. D-serine is a necessary co-agonist of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors …