Macrophages are highly plastic cells of the innate immune system. Macrophages play
central roles in immunity against microbes and contribute to a wide array of pathologies. The …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important co-factor involved in numerous
physiological processes, including metabolism, post-translational protein modification, and …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease underlined by the degradation
of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, photoreceptors, and choriocapillares, but the exact …

Photocatalytic regeneration of valuable cofactors by using sunlight has emerged as a
promising strategy for biosynthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Graphitic carbon …

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main reason of blindness in developed
countries. Aging is the main AMD risk factor. Oxidative stress, inflammation and some …

Introduction Damage to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells caused by oxidative stress is
closely related to the pathogenesis of several blinding retinal diseases, such as age-related …

Background Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-
gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many …

The aging-associated decline of biological functions represents an important contributor to
the increase in morbidity and mortality of human beings. Of these biological functions …

Zinc (Zn) is necessary for the survival of aquatic organisms; nevertheless, the accumulation
of Zn in excessive amounts may have toxic consequences. Few studies focusing on the …

Alcohol metabolism in the liver generates highly toxic acetaldehyde. Breakdown of
acetaldehyde by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in the mitochondria consumes NAD+ …