Predicted path for hotspot tracks off South America since Paleocene times: Tectonic implications of ridge-trench collision along the Andean margin

JP Bello-González, E Contreras-Reyes… - Gondwana Research, 2018 - Elsevier
Hotspots are generated by partial melting due to hot plumes rising within the Earth's mantle,
and when tectonic plates move relative to the plume source, hotspot tracks form. Off South …