Stressful stimuli evoke complex endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses that are
extremely variable and specific depending on the type and nature of the stressors. We first …

Chronic heart failure continues to impose a substantial health-care burden, despite recent
treatment advances. The key pathophysiological process that ultimately leads to chronic …

The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published
for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC …

Background One variable that may influence cardiac resynchronization therapy response is
the programmed atrioventricular (AV) delay. The SmartDelay Determined AV Optimization: A …

The chromogranins (chromogranin A and chromogranin B), secretogranins (secretogranin II
and secretogranin III), and additional related proteins (7B2, NESP55, proSAAS, and VGF) …

Background—Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) plus implantation of an implantable
cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) reduced the risk of death or heart failure event in patients with …

BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is effective in reducing clinical
events in systolic heart failure patients with a wide QRS. Previous retrospective studies …

Background A hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the build‐up of α‐synuclein
protein aggregates throughout the brain; however α‐synuclein is also expressed in enteric …

ADHD is a major burden in adulthood, where co-morbid conditions such as depression,
substance use disorder and obesity often dominate the clinical picture. ADHD has …

Background Acute studies have suggested that left ventricular pacing (LVP) may have
benefits over biventricular pacing (BVP). The adaptive cardiac resynchronization therapy …