Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

Surface modification and endothelialization of vascular biomaterials are common
approaches that are used to both resist the nonspecific adhesion of proteins and improve …

Stainless steel (SS) has been widely used as a material for fabricating cardiovascular
stents/valves, orthopedic prosthesis, and other devices and implants used in biomedicine …

When blood first encounters the artificial surface of a medical device, a complex series of
biochemical reactions is triggered, potentially resulting in clinical complications such as …

Devices that function in contact with blood are ubiquitous in clinical medicine and
biotechnology. These devices include vascular grafts, coronary stents, heart valves …

Device-associated clot formation and poor tissue integration are ongoing problems with
permanent and temporary implantable medical devices. These complications lead to …

It was a physicist, Wolfgang Pauli, who recognized a century ago that “God made the bulk;
the surface was invented by the devil.” And indeed, adjusting the surface properties of …

Blood-contacting surfaces of cardiovascular devices are not biocompatible for creating an
endothelial layer on them. Numerous research studies have mainly sought to modify these …

Endothelium can secrete vasoactive mediators and produce specific extracellular matrix,
which contribute jointly to the thromboresistance and regulation of vascular cell behaviors …

Prosthetic vascular grafts do not mimic the antithrombogenic properties of native blood
vessels and therefore have higher rates of complications that involve thrombosis and …