Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal.
Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is …

The study of inflammation in fear-and anxiety-based disorders has gained interest as
growing literature indicates that pro-inflammatory markers can directly modulate affective …

Many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are reported to have higher levels of
multiple inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6). Recent studies both pre …

Background Anxiety is characterized by prolonged preparation for real or perceived threat.
This may manifest both as psychological and physiological activation, ultimately leading to …

Most efforts aimed at understanding the notable heterogeneity of outcomes in multiple
sclerosis (MS) have focused on disease-specific factors, such as symptoms at initial …

Introduction: Previous investigations have demonstrated that major depression is associated
with particular patterns of cytokine signalling. The primary aim of this study was to examine …

Stress-induced changes in the immune system, which lead to neuroinflammation and
consequent brain alterations, have been suggested as possible neurobiological substrates …

COVID-19 is associated with neuropsychiatric complications, the most frequent one being
anxiety. Multiple biological and psychosocial factors contribute to anxiety in COVID-19 …

As prevalence of anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and obsessive compulsive disorders
continue to rise worldwide, increasing focus has been placed on immune mediated theories …

There is a vital need to understand mechanisms contributing to susceptibility to depression
to improve treatments for the 11% of Americans who currently suffer from this debilitating …