Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can be preceded, sometimes for
several years, by non-motor symptoms that include hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression …

Depression is one of the most frequent and burdensome non-motor symptoms in
Parkinson's disease (PD), across all stages. Even when its severity is mild, PD depression …

Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) can precede onset of motor
symptoms. Relationship between premotor symptoms onset and motor features is limited …

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood but likely to involve both
genetic and environmental factors. Incidence and prevalence estimates vary to a large …

We performed a multicenter survey using a semistructured interview in 1,072 consecutive
patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) enrolled during 12 months in 55 Italian centers to …

The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease rests on the identification of the characteristics
related to dopamine deficiency that are a consequence of degeneration of the substantia …

Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are common in patients with established Parkinson's disease
(PD) and have a major impact upon quality of life. We investigated the significance of NMS …

A dopaminergic deficiency in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) causes abnormalities of
movement, behaviour, learning, and emotions. The main motor features (ie, tremor, rigidity …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently clinically defined by a set of cardinal motor features
centred on the presence of bradykinesia and at least one additional motor symptom out of …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …