Once acquired, a fearful memory can persist for a lifetime. Although learned fear can be
extinguished, extinction memories are fragile. The resilience of fear memories to extinction …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a crucial cortical region that integrates information
from numerous cortical and subcortical areas and converges updated information to output …

We present a first-draft digital reconstruction of the microcircuitry of somatosensory cortex of
juvenile rat. The reconstruction uses cellular and synaptic organizing principles to …

Understanding the neural basis of speech perception requires that we study the human
brain both at the scale of the fundamental computational unit of neurons and in their …

Somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons constitute a major class of inhibitory neurons
in the mammalian cortex and are characterized by dense wiring into the local network and …

Synchronous rhythms represent a core mechanism for sculpting temporal coordination of
neural activity in the brain-wide network. This review focuses on oscillations in the cerebral …

Hebb postulated that, to store information in the brain, assemblies of excitatory neurons
coding for a percept are bound together via associative long-term synaptic plasticity. In this …

Abnormalities in GABAergic interneurons, particularly fast-spiking interneurons (FSINs) that
generate gamma (γ;∼ 30–120 Hz) oscillations, are hypothesized to disrupt prefrontal cortex …

Mammals adapt to a rapidly changing world because of the sophisticated cognitive functions
that are supported by the neocortex. The neocortex, which forms almost 80% of the human …

How does the brain orchestrate perceptions, thoughts and actions from the spiking activity of
its neurons? Early single-neuron recording research treated spike pattern variability as …