Stick balancing on the fingertip is a complex voluntary motor task that requires the
stabilization of an unstable system. For seated expert stick balancers, the time delay is 0.23 …

The question of how the inverted position of a pendulum can be stabilized is of fundamental
importance for understanding human balancing tasks. Applications range from postural …

Postural sway is a result of a complex action–reaction feedback mechanism generated by
the interplay between the environment, the sensory perception, the neural system and the …

We present stability and control analysis of a rider-bicycle system under human steering and
body movements. The dynamic model of rider-bicycle interactions is first constructed to …

The causes of falling in the elderly are multi-factorial. Three factors that influence balance
stability are the time delay, a sensory dead zone and the maximum ankle torque that can be …

A nonlinear model for human balancing subjected to a saturated delayed proportional–
derivative–acceleration (PDA) feedback is analysed. Compared to the proportional …

The control mechanism of the human nervous system during stick balancing is analyzed
using signal processing techniques. It is assumed that during stick balancing the inclination …

The origin of continual body oscillation during quiet standing is a neural-muscular-skeletal
closed feedback loop system that includes insufficient joint stiffness and a time delay. Thus …

The critical length that limits stabilizability for delayed proportional‐derivative‐acceleration
(PDA) feedback and for predictor feedback (PF) is analyzed for the inverted pendulum …

Sensory uncertainties and imperfections in motor control play important roles in neural
control and Bayesian approaches to neural encoding. However, it is difficult to estimate …