Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer
membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular …

Long-Term Survival after Kidney Transplantation This review discusses demographics,
survival, and risks in kidney transplantation since the mid-1990s. It addresses postoperative …

Early-stage organ transplant rejection can be difficult to detect. Percutaneous biopsies occur
infrequently and are risky, and measuring biomarker levels in blood can lead to false …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) occur in a variety of bodily fluids and have gained recent
attraction as natural materials due to their bioactive surfaces, internal cargo, and role in …

Exosomes are a subset of nano-sized extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes.
Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication with their cargos, which includes mRNAs …

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are emerging as non‐invasive biomarkers for various
kidney diseases, but it is unknown how differences in nephron mass impact uEV excretion …

Urine features an ideal source of non-invasive diagnostic markers. Some intrinsic and
methodological issues still pose barriers to its full potential as liquid biopsy substrate. Unlike …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a variety of biological functions that exist in various
biological body fluids and exert their functions through proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and …

Although current regimens of immunosuppressive drugs are effective in renal transplant
recipients, long-term renal allograft outcomes remain suboptimal. For many years, the …

Small extracellular vesicles (sEV), which are released to body fluids (eg, serum, urine) by all
types of human cells, may stimulate or inhibit the innate and adaptive immune response …