Essential oils are aromatic and volatile liquids extracted from plants. The chemicals in
essential oils are secondary metabolites, which play an important role in plant defense as …

Manipulation and separation of submicron and nanoparticles are indispensable in many
chemical, biological, medical, and environmental applications. Conventional technologies …

Practical Handbook of Microbiology, 4th edition provides basic, clear and concise
knowledge and practical information about working with microorganisms. Useful to anyone …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques provide a versatile platform for imaging and
manipulating living cells to single-molecule resolution, thereby enabling us to address …

We describe hopping mode scanning ion conductance microscopy that allows noncontact
imaging of the complex three-dimensional surfaces of live cells with resolution better than 20 …

Biological processes rely on molecular interactions that can be directly measured using
force spectroscopy techniques. Here we review how atomic force microscopy can be applied …

The mechanical properties of the cell envelope in Gram-negative bacteria are controlled by
the peptidoglycan, the outer membrane, and the proteins interacting with both layers. In …

Observations of real-time changes in living cells have contributed much to the field of
cellular biology. The ability to image whole, living cells with nanometre resolution on a …

Silicon (Si) plays a large number of diverse roles in plants, but the structural and chemical
mechanisms operating at the single-cell level remain unclear. We isolate the cell walls from …

Bacteria adhere to virtually all natural and synthetic surfaces [1, 2]. Although there are a
number of different reasons as to why bacteria adhere to a surface, the summarizing answer …