Venous abnormalities contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurological conditions.
This paper reviews the literature regarding venous abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

Under the auspices of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD), four
expert panel committees were created from the ISNVD membership between 2011 and …

In 2006, Zamboni reintroduced the concept that chronic impaired venous outflow of the
central nervous system is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), coining the term of chronic …

Objective: We report the results of the investigation of safety and efficacy of venous
angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with findings of extracranial venous …

The extra-cranial venous system is complex and not well studied in comparison to the
peripheral venous system. A newly proposed vascular condition, named chronic …

PURPOSE: To investigate characteristics of cine phase contrast-calculated cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) flow and velocity measures in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple …

Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a
possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: The CoSMo study evaluated the …

Objectives: To study blood flow characteristics through the internal jugular veins (IJVs) at the
cervical levels C2/C3 and C5/C6 in the neck of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods …

To systematically review the ultrasonographic criteria proposed for the diagnosis of chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). The authors analyzed the five ultrasonographic …