One of the main characteristics of ill-posed inverse problems is the strong interference of
random noise or measurement errors on the parameters to be estimated. During the solution …

A spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) method is proposed within the mathematical framework
of a variational adjoint assimilation system to correct the bottom terrain of a shallow-water …

Thermal environment responses to terrain and urbanization of Beijing, a metropolis of
China, were simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) with the …

Rainfall is a major climate parameter whose variation in space and time influences activities
in different weather sensitive sectors such as agriculture, transport, and energy among …

The performance of the spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) method proposed in part I of this
paper is evaluated by comparison with that of the limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb …