Quantum noise stream cipher based on quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM/QNSC) is a
kind of physical layer encryption technology. However, the additional encryption penalty will …

In the quantum noise stream cipher (QNSC) system, the low-order plaintext is encrypted by
pre-shared keys into high-order ciphertext. However, high-speed optical communication …

A quantum noise stream cipher scheme (QNSC) based on triangular quadrature amplitude
modulation (TQAM) and the secret probabilistic shaping (SPS) is studied. Compared with …

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a secure quantum noise stream cipher
transmission system that integrates key generation and distribution. At the stage of carrier …

As past works have shown, information‐theoretically secure implementations transmitters of
Y00 quantum noise randomised cypher are possible. An advance to the provably secure …

A novel physical layer digital encryption optical transmission method based on delta-sigma
modulation is proposed and implemented using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) for …

Ensuring the secure and reliable operation of optical networks is crucial for various societal
functions. However, optical network infrastructures are susceptible to unauthorized …

To counter heterodyne measurements, correlation attacks, and known plaintext attacks,
seed key refresh is critical to the security of a quantum noise stream cipher system …

In this letter, we conduct an experiment of quantum noise stream cipher scheme based on 3-
channel-QAM mapping and DFTs-OFDM in optical back-to-back and 160km standard single …

This paper critically analyzes the Y00 protocol, a quantum noise-based stream cipher
proposed to enhance classical cryptographic methods through quantum mechanical …