This paper reviews developments in the science of field spectroscopy, focusing on the last
twenty years in particular. During this period field spectroscopy has become established as …

The present definition of the kelvin links the unit of temperature with a material property,
namely the triple point temperature of water. It would be more consistent with the current …

Measurement shapes scientific theories, characterises improvements in manufacturing
processes and promotes efficient commerce. In concert with measurement is uncertainty …

The photon energy dependence of the mean energy W required to produce an electron-hole
pair in silicon for photons with energies between 50 and 1500 eV was determined from the …

We present results from the first field-trial of a quantum-secured DWDM transmission system,
in which quantum key distribution (QKD) is combined with 4× 10 Gb/s encrypted data and …

The design and construction of a predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED), suggested
to be capable of measuring optical power with a relative uncertainty of 1 ppm (ppm= parts …

The Earth's climate is undoubtedly changing; however, the time scale, consequences and
causal attribution remain the subject of significant debate and uncertainty. Detection of …

Well characterised sources of thermal radiation are essential for photometry, radiometry, and
thermometry. They serve as reference radiators for the calibration of detectors and radiance …

The accuracy of detector calibration in the UV, vacuum-ultraviolet, and soft-x-ray spectral
ranges could be significantly improved by the use of the synchrotron radiation electrical …

In the realm of fundamental quantum science and technologies, non‐classical states of light,
such as single‐photon Fock states, are widely studied. However, current standards and …