The material properties of concrete and reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete structures vary spatially across the structural dimensions due to the inherent heterogeneous nature of …
Measuring soil variability has many challenges. One of the challenges is soil deformation, which can change the spatial correlation structure arising from the original geological …
The subsurface is often modelled as multiple homogeneous soil layers. In reality, the soil properties of these layers are heterogeneous and spatially variable, making it difficult to …