Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

Spontaneous synchronous activity is a hallmark of developing brain circuits and promotes
their formation. Ex vivo, synchronous activity was shown to be orchestrated by a sparse …

Optogenetic control of individual neurons with high temporal precision within intact
mammalian brain circuitry would enable powerful explorations of how neural circuits …

Understanding cortical microcircuits requires thorough measurement of physiological
properties of synaptic connections formed within and between diverse subclasses of …

The biophysical properties of existing optogenetic tools constrain the scale, speed, and
fidelity of precise optogenetic control. Here, we use structure-guided mutagenesis to …

Recent advances combining two-photon calcium imaging and two-photon optogenetics with
computer-generated holography now allow us to read and write the activity of large …

Sensory information is encoded within the brain in distributed spatiotemporal patterns of
neuronal activity. Understanding how these patterns influence behavior requires a method …

We introduce a flexible method for high-resolution interrogation of circuit function, which
combines simultaneous 3D two-photon stimulation of multiple targeted neurons, volumetric …

Sensory systems transform the external world into time-varying spike trains. What features of
spiking activity are used to guide behavior? In the mouse olfactory bulb, inhalation of …