Space Weather is the portion of space physics that has a direct effect on humankind. Space
Weather is an old branch of space physics that originates back to 1808 with the publication …

Abstract The EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATer) Scientific Association has provided
versatile incoherent scatter (IS) radar facilities on the mainland of northern Scandinavia (the …

A series of 100‐year extreme geoelectric field and geomagnetically induced current (GIC)
scenarios are explored by taking into account the key geophysical factors associated with …

This review, offered for the first time in the Russian scientific literature, is devoted to various
aspects of the problem of the space weather impact on ground-based technological …

Abstract Between 7 and 8 September 2017, Earth experienced extreme space weather
events. We have combined measurements made by the IMAGE magnetometer array …

One of the major challenges pertaining to extreme geomagnetic storms is to understand the
basic processes associated with the development of dynamic magnetosphere‐ionosphere …

Faraday's law of induction is responsible for setting up a geoelectric field due to the
variations in the geomagnetic field caused by ionospheric currents. This drives …

Interactions between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere manifest many
important space weather phenomena. In this paper, magnetosphere‐ionosphere drivers of …

The geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the Finnish natural gas pipeline have been
measured at one site in southern Finland since November 1998. We give an overview of this …

Motivated by the needs of the high-voltage power transmission industry, we use data from
the high-latitude IMAGE magnetometer array to study characteristics of extreme geoelectric …