The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade is a central pathway that transmits
signals from many extracellular agents to regulate cellular processes such as proliferation …

The closely related MAP kinases.! extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2
(ERK1 and ERK2), are ubiquitous components of signal transduction pathways. ERK1 and …

MAP kinases help to mediate diverse processes ranging from transcription of
protooncogenes to programmed cell death. More than a dozen mammalian MAP kinase …

The person who passes urine which is exceedingly sweet, cool, slightly viscid, turbid, and
resembling the juices of the sugarcane… suffers from glycosuria.… There are two types of …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades represent one of the major signal systems
used by eukaryotic cells to transduce extracellular signals into cellular responses. Four MAP …

Copper (Cu) is essential for development and proliferation, yet the cellular requirements for
Cu in these processes are not well defined. We report that Cu plays an unanticipated role in …

Sequential activation of protein kinases within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
cascades is a common mechanism of signal transduction in many cellular processes. Four …

Abstract Type III RNase Dicer is responsible for the maturation and function of microRNA
(miRNA) molecules in the cell. It is now well-documented that Dicer and the fine-tuning of …

The structure of the MAP kinase ERK2, a ubiquitous protein kinase target for regulation by
Ras and Raf, has been solved in its unphosphorylated low-activity conformation to a …

The microtubule‐associated protein tau is a major component of the paired helical filaments
(PHFs) observed in Alzheimer's disease brains. The pathological tau is distinguished from …