A hallmark feature of episodic memory is that of “mental time travel,” whereby an individual
feels they have returned to a prior moment in time. Cognitive and behavioral neuroscience …

The benefits of retrieval practice (practice testing) are pervasive across various materials,
learning conditions, and criterial tasks, and consequently researchers and educators have …

Learning is often identified with the acquisition and encoding of new information. Reading a
textbook, listening to a lecture, participating in a hands-on classroom activity, and studying a …

Memory retrieval is an active process that can alter the content and accessibility of stored
memories. Of potential relevance for educational practice are findings that memory retrieval …

The testing effect, defined as the positive effect of retrieval practice (ie, self-testing) on long-
term memory retention relative to other ways to support learning, is a robust empirical …

A practical, classroom-oriented guide to best-practice teaching. Learning specialist Leslie
Hart once wrote that designing educational experiences without knowledge of the brain is …

A new theoretical framework for the testing effect—the finding that retrieval practice is
usually more effective for learning than are other strategies—is proposed, the empirically …

Encoding and retrieval processes enhance long-term memory performance. The efficiency
of encoding processes has recently been linked to representational consistency: the …

The keyword mnemonic and retrieval practice are two cognitive techniques that have each
been identified to enhance foreign language vocabulary learning. However, little is known …

The “testing effect” refers to the striking phenomenon that repeated retrieval practice is one
of the most effective learning strategies, and certainly more advantageous for long-term …