The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates target recognition, cellular entry, and ultimately the
viral infection that leads to various levels of COVID-19 severities. Positive evolutionary …

Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent
conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often …

With the high rate of COVID-19 infections worldwide, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2
variants was inevitable. Several mutations have been identified in the SARS-CoV-2 …

The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914,
that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood …

Spike (S) protein cleavage is a crucial step in coronavirus infection. In this review, this
process is discussed, with particular focus on the novel coronavirus, severe acute …

Knowledge about development and duration of virus-specific antibodies after COVID-19
vaccination is important for understanding how to limit the pandemic via vaccination in …

Successfully combating the COVID-19 pandemic depends on mass vaccination with suitable
vaccines to achieve herd immunity. Here, we describe COVI-VAC, the only live attenuated …

The design of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines involves many different types
of optimizations. Proper optimization of vaccine mRNA can reduce dosage required for each …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein binds the
receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and drives virus-host membrane fusion …

Numerous viruses use specialized surface molecules called fusogens to enter host cells.
Many of these viruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …