Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing
methods used in printing fibre-reinforced composites (FRC). The performances of the …

Abstract Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing
technology for fabrication of complex geometric parts using thermoplastic polymers. The …

Anisotropy is the characteristic of a material to exhibit variations in its mechanical, electrical,
thermal, optical properties, etc. along different directions. Anisotropic materials have …

Continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPC) have been widely used in the
field of automobile, aircraft, and space due to light weight, high specific strength and …

Soft polymer materials, which are similar to human tissues, have played critical roles in
modern interdisciplinary research. Compared with conventional methods, 3D printing allows …

Recent advances in multi‐material 3D and 4D printing (time as the fourth dimension) show
that the technology has the potential to extend the design space beyond complex …

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM)
processes that utilize thermoplastic polymers to produce three-dimensional (3D) geometry …

While polymer additive manufacturing (AM) has advanced significantly over the past few
decades, the limitations in material properties, speed of manufacture, and part size have …

Abstract Three-dimensional printing (3DP), interchangeably termed as additive
manufacturing, is an emerging technology for creating myriad objects with numerous design …

In recent years, three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology has developed to include
composite materials. Most of the development to date in this area has involved particulate or …