We review basic and advanced concepts needed for the correct analysis of XPS features.
We place these concepts on rigorous foundations and explore their physical and chemical …

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) work on Ce 2 O 3 and CeO 2 oxides has been an
active topic of research over the past four decades or so. Such research aimed to find the …

The Al K alpha, 1486.6 eV, based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Fe 2p and Fe
3p for Fe (III) in Fe 2 O 3 and Fe (II) in FeO is compared with theoretical predictions based on …

Abstract Calculated Mn (2p3/2) X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of Mn2+, Mn3+, and
Mn4+ free ions are strikingly similar to Mn (2p3/2) spectra of Mn2+-, Mn3+-, and Mn4+ …

Lithium recovery from end-of-life Li-ion batteries (LIBs) through pyro-and hydrometallurgical
recycling processes involves several refining stages, with high consumption of reagents and …

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify Mn (II), Mn (III), and Mn (IV) in
the surfaces of pure oxide standards and filtration media samples from drinking water …

The principal intent of this Perspective is to review the mechanisms that are responsible for
the shifts of binding energies, ΔBE, observed in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) …

The origins of the complex Fe 2p X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra (XPS) of hematite (α-Fe 2 O
3) are analyzed and related to the character of the bonding in this compound. This analysis …

We report a systematic study of the Mn 2p, 3s, and 3p core-level photoemission and satellite
structures for Mn model compounds. Charge transfer from the ligand state to the 3d metal …

Important mechanisms that lead to features, often complex, in X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) spectra are defined and described. It is shown that there is much …